In the colder months, birds require high-energy foods to maintain their fat reserves. This is also true during migration and early spring, when natural seed sources are depleted.
Birds are less dependent on our help during the warmer months. When nesting, many species tend to favor insects as a natural food source.
In fact, leaving the bird feeder empty for a few weeks in summer encourages young birds to seek out naturally occurring foods.
That said, there are two species that appreciate the occasional top up. One is the goldfinch, which nests later than other birds and will gladly visit a feeder to stock up on seeds.
These aerodynamic passerines depend on nectar to fuel their high metabolism, so make a point of adding a revitalizing water and sugar drink to your hummingbird feeder and replenish daily.
The menu to a large extent depends on the seasons. In winter, birds require foods high in fat.
Winter suggestions include straight seeds—those that aren't mixed with anything. These options include black sunflower and energizing nyjer (thistle) seeds.
Equally appealing is a seed mix. Seeds are mixed into different blends to provide an enticing menu that will attract a greater variety of bird species.
Peanuts are another great favorite with all sorts of birds. Very nutritious, peanuts contains a high amount of protein, fiber, and fat.